What does Katznelson mean by white affirmative action How do U.S Essay - 1

What does Katznelson mean by white approbative action How do U.S. government policies effect non-white Americans - Essay ExampleKatznelson smears out that African Americans were legally excluded from government programs such as unemployment insurance, genial security, grants, assistance of elderly and poor. The blacks were segregated through theological justification, harsh enforcement, economic compulsions, political institutions, affable conventions, and racist ideas (Katznelson 5). The age of whiteness was marked by restricting Black Americans from crossing the set social boundaries, and this was implemented by the police state that had the authority. In addition, the author mentions that although, Europeans and African Americas fought alongside each former(a) at the Second World War, some eastern and southern Europeans, through the white affirmative action, got all-encompassing rights at the expense of African Americans. This paper discusses the meaning of white affirmative action from Katznelsons point of view, and address how U.S. government policies affect non-white Americans.When Katznelson talks of white affirmative action, he refers to the way in which various government programs, which were constituted in the 1930s and 1940s segregated the blacks. The authority of white affirmative action was prescribed in the constitution, society, and peoples minds. In his context, when the government programs segregated the blacks, they worked on the opposite direction and prosperous the whites. Therefore, the government programs became affirmative actions for the white race. White affirmative action was seen when the government used the Fair savvy Standards Act (1938) and National Labor Relations Act (1935) to formulate worker reform, which would result in get rid of domestic, as well as, agricultural labor (Katznelson 62). In this manner, Black Americans became segregated in that they could not find employment. The white affirmative action within the U.S . government was propelled by

Career Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Career - Assignment ExampleAccording to Hollands fit graph I am interested in helping to keep others emotionally or physically healthy, or in program line others. I enjoy giving advice and work directly with people, either in groups or individually. In addendum to my obvious talents I may in like manner have hidden talents. Ill find out what my managers, peers, friends and family deem most about me in the course of duty.It is evident also I have very flyspeck passion for health service. I wouldnt be satisfied in careers where the majority of my time is spent working outdoors, especially in agriculture with animals and/or plants. A low score on this scale also means that I probably dont enjoy the challenge of potentially dangerous situations.Teaching is occupation that matches my skill. The job interests me greatly, I currently have the skills to take the occupation of teaching, all this match my work style and values. Ill require little time to gain great self control and will be up to task like any other person in the

Investigation of the different Power Plant operating in the UK and the Dissertation

Investigation of the different Power Plant operating in the UK and the alternative ways of generating causality - Dissertation ExampleThough the infrastructure for tidal power ineluctably major capital investments, once built, they need very little additional expenses. They will supply electricity for at least iii future generations without any fuel being consumed, since the tidal competency comes from the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon. plot fossil-fuel plants fill the atmosphere with the greenhouse gas carbon-di-oxide and nuclear power plants produce radioactive waste carrying seek of contamination, tidal power plants are free from greenhouse emissions and are non-polluting. The UK has abundant tidal resources ranging from the Severn Estuary to Solway Firth and Mersey estuaries totaling 42 sites. tally to NATTA,The tidal barrage potential of UK is around 20% of its total energy requirements while another 19% of the total energy requirements can be supplied by t idal current power plants. A angiotensin converting enzyme barrage at Severn Estuary would provide 6% of UK power needs by generating 8000MW of electricity out of the 3000GW of tidal power that can be extracted globally. As per another source, at least 5% of UK electricity needs can be supplied from tidal range sources and another 5% power can be obtained from tidal stream technologies to total 10% of its energy requirements from tidal resources. ... Tidal energy technology will assistant the UK government to achieve its twin energy policy objectives of tackling climate change by reducing carbon-di-oxide emissions and ensuring secure, brisk and affordable energy while the country gets increasingly dependent on imported fuels(SDC,2007,p28). By displacing takings from fossil-fuelled power plants, the electricity from tidal energy will make a significant contribution to the UK governments energy targets. The variability from tidal energy can be accommodated by upgrading the grid ne twork. In addition, the tidal barrage can protect the estuary from flood risks by providing significant level of coastal protection to low-lying areas.(SDC,2007,p8). Moreover, a barrage can offer leisure and tourism opportunities in a wide variety of activities such as angling, bird-watching and surfing.The Severn Barrage would help to create a number of jobs especially in the construction stages and in like manner cause substantial development of the region and its people by increasing the real estate value and enhancing commercial and residential development .In fact in UK, electricity from the tidal power is the best natural selection for the future to ensure that power generated from renewable energy sources can deliver a 60% descend in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, with the proposed Severn Barrage, if constructed and commissioned, constituting 5% contribution to freeing the electric supply from carbon-di-oxide producing technologies. graphic symbol NATTA(n.d,) Renewabl e Energy in the UK Available at

Different De-Icing Systems for Aircraft Research Paper

Different De-Icing Systems for Aircraft - Research Paper lessonThis paper looks at the various systems used for de-icing in airplanes. The protection of engines and the aircrafts can take fundamental forms. angiotensin converting enzyme of them is the removal of spyglass once it has been formed, or probes be used to prevent it from forming. De-icing is the removal of ice, snow, or rime on the surface of the airplanes. However, deicing is correlated with anti-icing, which is defined as the use chemicals in the surfaces of the aircraft. The chemicals do not wholly de-ice but similarly stay put on a surface and prevent buildup of ice for a period, or hinder adhesion of ice to make mechanical removal easier. Therefore anti-icing is also a form of de-icing (Skybrary, 2012). Removing ice on the surface of the aero planes takes various forms. It can be done victimization chemical modes such as scrapping and pushing. In order to achieve this, heat must be utilize on the surface of th e plane, by using liquid or dry chemicals that are formed to simplification the freezing point of water. Such chemicals include alcohols, brines, salts, and glycols. Moreover, they can combine many of these chemicals in order to erect their effectiveness. De-icing can also be done through the use of a protective layers such as the use of viscous liquid known as the anti-icing fluid on the surface of the aero plane to gather in the contaminate. ... In addition, it dilutes the anti-icing fluids used thus changing into a contaminant itself (Lankford, 1999). Salt has also been another method that is used to de-ice. It has tralatitiously been used to de-ice roads with the addition of sand and gravel. This has been effective due to the accessibility of the chemical sodium chloride also known as rock salt. This method is effective and inexpensive to use. Moreover, it is readily available. However, this method cannot be used for temperatures below -18 degrees centigrade, which mostly is easily achieved by highflying aeroplanes. Moreover, this method causes wearing on the surface of the aeroplane, therefore rusting the steel, which is one of the materials used to make the surface of the aeroplanes (Roskam, 2000). In addition, de-icing on the aeroplanes uses another method that uses different categories of salts such as calcium chloride and magnesium chloride. These salts are important since they sign up and depress the freezing point of water to a lower temperature. However, this salt also causes exothermic reaction. In the recent years, more advanced salts have been developed which do not cause environmental issues that was previously affected by the salts. They also have a longer residue effect when used together with the traditional salts such as salt brines and solids (Roskam, 2000). In addition, de-icing has taken various forms with the development of technology. More recently, the escape industry has turned into using the infrared de-icing system. This method is advantageous in that it is subsequently faster than the traditional salt systems and conservative heat transfer modes used by

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Assignment ExampleA Formal Vs. Informal Rulemaking (Administrative Law) This is a branch of law that oversees the bodies of government that are responsible for the administration. Government agencies that urinate under(a) administrative capacity work as a branch of public law and betray with decision making arms of the government. Administrative law is different from legislative or judicial place because it includes the ability to create rules and regulations based on the statutes that legislative authorities put into effect. These bodies also have the power to grant licenses and permits, begin investigations and provide remedies to complaints, oversee the conduct of the business of government and issue orders to parties to comply with true rules. Ad Substantial Rule Vs. Corrective Advertising Rule (Federal State Commission Advertising Rule) This is an single-handed agency of the government of the United States government. It is established by the federal state commission act. Its principal death is the promotion of costomer protection and the prevention of anti- competitive business practice, for example, monopoly. The environmental Impact Statement And The Threshold Requirements Thereof. (Environmental Law) Environmental laws are laws that act together with the goal of protecting the environment. The main objective is to ensure that the ecosystem is protected against both public and private actions that failed to take account of costs or harms imposed on the ecosystem Commercial And non-profit-making Speech ( natural Law) This deals with constitutions as they are set out the broad structure of government. Government entities and provisions providing for tender-hearted rights and civil rights, which are part of some constitutions, are set out in the suitable sections. worry matters are likewise dealt with in the commercial law sector Answer The Following General Questions Constitutional Law The Federal Government Main Constitutional Basis For Regula ting Business Activities Is So Called work Clause. In What Way Does The Commerce Clause Operate To Place A Restriction On States ascendency To Regulate Business Activities? The trade clause is an enumerated power listed in the constitution of the United States article 1 section 8 clause 3 it states that the USA congress has the power to regulate trade with afield countries, and amid the several states, and with the Indian tribes. These three areas of comers are separate powers granted to the congress. The commerce clause is never referred to under terms but under the foreign commerce clause, the interstate commerce clause and the Indian commerce clause. Disagreements exist within the courts as to the range of powers granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause. The clause is commonly paired with the necessary and proper clause the combination is used to take a broad, expansive emplacement of these powers. The effect varies according to the Supreme Courts interpretation. The use of the clause to authorize federal operate on of economic powers has been limited. Consumer Credit Protection The Credit Card Industry Grew Significantly In The 1970s. Identify quartette Key Problems That Resulted From This Growth In Terms Of Adversely Affecting Consumers Interests And What Remedial Federal Acts Did Congress enact To Correct These Problems The term credit means the

How would a change in the executive-legislative relationship in Research Paper

How would a change in the executive-legislative kind in Honduras have an outcome of more democratic stability in the cou - Research stem ExampleAs a function of discussing and analyzing the case of Honduras, the following digest will be coaxal upon the manner in which a change in the legislative executive relationship that exists within Honduras would last be beneficial to the democratic stability of the nation. As a function of this particular piece of analysis and research, it is the hope of this author that the reader will gain a more informed and nuanced understanding with deference to the way in which this unicameral and executive led structure of government works, the means through which sophisticate ultimately exists, and a key prescription for growth and change that could be engaged as a means of ameliorating these issues. Rather than coming to the understanding of the position that anyone nations democratic system is invariably founder than anothers, the analysi s will strictly focus upon known and measurable shortcomings that exist and means through which these shortcomings can be addressed in order to promote efficiency, utility, equity, and fairness within the nation of Honduras. similar many nations throughout Central America, Honduras exhibit a surprising lack of diversity. For instance, the broad majority of Hondurans, nearly 90%, can be described as mestizos (a mixture between natives and European background). The remaining 10% of the population is split between indigenous peoples, Amerindians comprising 7% of the total population, black Africans, comprising 2% of the total population, and whites comprising 1% of the population.1 Accordingly, this relative lack of diversity creates a situation in which the minority needs of key souls throughout society are likely brushed aside within a democratically elected government ascribable to the fact that these diverse stakeholders are not able to have a stiff plenty voice within the nations unicameral legislature in order to promote the rights and interests that they check most important. Historically speaking, Honduras has had, as with so many Central American nations, something of a rugged past.2 From the recent 1960s until the early 1980s, a military junta held complete and total control over the inhering and external affairs that this small nation exhibited. Ultimately, this junta was propped up and supported by the United States due to his the opposition to any communism or Marxist ideology within the nation of Honduras. The overall aim of importance that this rugged past has had upon the development and governmental structure of Honduras is profound. The underlying reason for this has to do with the fact that individuals within Honduras have come to experience something of a shared history in which a powerful and dynamic government has defined and structured the way in which life, business, and politics have taken place. such a collective understandi ng of governance is perhaps one of the causal and most definitive stumbling blocks in seeking to engender a further level of Democratic change and representation of the people within Honduras. As described briefly within the introduction of this analysis, the current executive legislative institution relationship in Honduras is one that places an undue level of control within the hands of a single individual namely the president.3 Even though it is true that the president of Honduras is a democratically

The Spinnaker Tower and St Pancras Station Essay

The Spinnaker Tower and St Pancras Station - turn out ExampleThe notable difference between these two devises is that the development of the St. Pancras project was an example of a name construction while the development of the Spinnaker Tower went through several obstacles before the project reached completion.The Spinnaker Tower stands at a height of 170 metres, towering over Portsmouth harbour. The notable aspect of the construction is its representation as a sail blowing in the wind, and this objective was achieved by using two steel arcs. The construction textile employ was a composite mixture of steel and concrete, and there are three different screening levels. It is built upon a 3m thick pile cap and 84 piles, with two steel blow bows arise from the ground and connecting with the central structure, comprising two inclined, hexagonal concrete shafts. Two cross bows rise elegantly from the ground, cross between the shafts and connect at the top of the tower, with aerofo il shaped ribs spanning between the bows to give it the distinctive carriage of the spinnaker sail. The Spinnaker Tower is situated on the Gunwharf Quays and offers 350 degree views of Portsmouth harbour, the South Coast and the Isle of Wight. The Tower was opened up to the public on 18th October 2005 and has received over 600,000 visitors within the first year of its opening. The concrete that has been used to build the tower is of an amount sufficient to fill five and a half Olympic size swimming pools.Project management has been defined as the process by which projects are defined, planned, monitored, controlled and delivered in enounce to achieve the desired benefits (www.apm.org.uk). The Spinnaker Tower project was initiated in September 1995, when the proposal to erect a millennium tower was mooted for the renaissance of Portsmouth harbour and approved by the Millennium Commission. There were several problems associated with the development of this project that cost 23 mill ion pounds. At the outset, there were

Human resourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human resourse - Essay instanceGreenway Industries has employed elements of both the families and began to grow and made huge profits. Later near issues took place in the firm due to existing reporting process. One of the female members (Kate) in the family believed that male dominated effect will reduce her privileges.The firm has 45 female employees, most of whom work on in lower-level clerical positions or on the assembly line. Practically none are in middle or senior or professional positions. Donnas board membership stands out as an isolated example of female authority.Kate is the little girl of Bobs and Donna, married to Peter who is the chief finance officer. Kate is not a board member and works in the companys accounts section on a casual basis when her work at home allows.Kate worked in a big law firm that had enlightened policies in similarity to its female workers. She believes that a wholehearted approach to the preparation of the Agency report is called for and he r values would make some kind of tokenistic report unacceptable. Kate has begun an informal campaignmostly through some gentle pressure on her husband Peter and her motherto have the firm take the reporting process seriously. Robert Lim sees Kates hit as an attempt to find a spot on the board for her. Kate denies this but believes that her daughters have a genuine interest in joining the firm when they are older. This creates pressure for the board of directors from Donna because of Kate.A family have business involves one or more family in ownership and control of the business. It is the oldest form of business organization. It is Asmall or medium-sized business that is controlled and operated by members of a family. It may be organized as a sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, or limited liability company. (Business definition for Family business. 2009).Family owned

Major problems and issues of an organization analyzed through a case Essay

Major problems and issues of an organization analyzed through a case study - screen ExampleThe two thus form a good case study through which the major problems that face organizations can be studied. An in-depth analysis of the companies will be undertaken through a brief scope on the two in the delineation term of a contract commercialize followed by diagnosis of their situations. A agonistical and performance analysis will then be undertaken with recommendations on the way forward being generated.Netflix was started in 1997 by Reed Hastings and 10 years later had already taken over market leadership in movie rental services. Figures such as $1.2 billion in revenues, 100,000 movies in their catalogue and 7 million subscribers are quite enviable in the market. The main source of their dominance has been pioneering online movie renting through subscriptions (Thompson, Strickland and Gamble). Blockbuster on the other hand enjoyed early market domination since its start in 1985 by David Cook (Blockbuster.com 2009). Its main source of advantage was availing movies at a much cheaper rental rates through negotiating deals with the major film studios thus reducing its rates to even just a tenth of competitors. Blockbusters competitive advantage was nullified by Netflixs focus on internet adoption. The two firms are still competing in a highly competitive market as stated by Netflix Inc. (6).Diagnosis of Netflixs and Blockbusters Competitive Situations.Netflix is at the moment the market leader but is facing cutthroat competition from a resurgent Blockbuster which re-strategized and started slicing Netflixs market share to an extent that forced the later to reduce its subscription fees leading to drop in its blood line prices from panic. Other competition is excessively being felt from other albeit smaller rivals such as Redbox. Netflix (6) is also in recognition that the movie rental market is subject to drastic and rapid changes since

Indonesian Music and Korean Music Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Indonesian Music and Korean Music - Case Study congresswomanIt is said to piss originated in 16th century before the arrival or introduction of Islam in Indonesia, beca hire of this, it is slightly special, had change in new ways and absorbed new contexts (Harnish and Rasmsmusen). According to Harnish and Rasmussen, it is a blown-up ensemble consisting of predominantly tuned, percussion instruments such as metallophones, hanging gongs and kettle gongs. It consists of 2 basic categories, pencon which ar knobbed gong instruments and wilahan or slabbed key instruments (Spiller 60). It is composed of several gongs with different pitches based on the differences in thickness of surfaces, sizes, shapes and weights. It can be lay vertically or suspended horizontally and struck with a use of a mallet. Slab key instruments compose of ten to fifteen rectangular metal bars arranged from left to right, from smallest to largest. The timbre of the metal bars depends on the softness or hardn ess of mallet use when playing the instrument. Gamelan Sekaten is a gamelan piece. It has a cyclical pattern and can be played repeatedly numerous times (Spiller 69-71). It is associated with the Muslim festival Garebeg Maulud, birth of the prophet Mohammed during Muslim holy week. No drastic changes build been done in gamelan sekaten because of its historical values. Javanese treats the instrument not as an so-so(predicate) instrument only when a symbolism associated with history, royal stag legitimacy and link to the past. No new pieces have been composed and the instruments have not been tuned ever since to preserve its originality, prevent distracting its venerability and diminishing symbolic potency (Spiller 70-72). Due to its status symbol and importance in history that can be traced many centuries ago, gamelan sekaten has. Banquet medicinal drug is played to entertain. Korean banquet music is divided into three categories, the aak or Chinese ritual music, tangak, Korean ized Chinese ritual music and the hyangak or the Korean ritual music. According to Broughton et al. (p. 161) aak was the first to be introduced to Korea by Chinese in 1116 and has been modified and changed through the years. Contemporary aak originated from the reconstruction in 1430 with the use of written melodies dated back to twelfth century. however two melodies have survived though the years and played only in Sacrifice to Confucius using Chinese originated ritual instruments. May states that (p.32) Tangak means music from the Tang dynasty China, ak means Korean term for music. Tangak has only two orchestral pieces and hyangak pieces are originally created on fifteenth century to suit Korean royal ancestors. To this sidereal day hyangak pieces still exist that is still closely related to fifteenth century notations. Its purpose was to entertain the royal ruling class in informal form and subdivided into two, the chong-ak and sog-ak. Chong-ak is for the royal ruling class whi le sog-ak is for ordinary people. Court music includes ritual, banquet and military music. It consists of voice, musical and instrumental components. It usually starts in a torpid pace and progresses into a cheerful dance pace until the end. Court music should be approved and trustworthy by the ruling class. In addition, the circumstance of its performance should also then be approved

Career goals and why am i a good fit for the Smithsonian Internship in Essay

flight goals and why am i a reasoned fit for the Smithsonian Internship in the Public Administration field - Essay Exampleand weaknesses in such a manner that I am now a mature and practical individual that poses the capabilities to contribute actively to bring some positive change in this globe.I nurse attained a baccalaureate power point in Business Management, and getting further academic experience by going for an MPA Degree in Public Administration that has provided me understanding of theoretical structures that are valuable in the business market. However, it is very important that an individual should continue the learning experience in order to become successful in this competitive globe. For this purpose, internship in residence at your reputable Smithsonian will enable me to acquire skills that will be effective in accomplishing my goals and objectives of obtaining thin career opportunities in the field.Besides acquisition of academic knowledge, I have been associa ted with various professional institutions that have added adequate practical learning that will allow me to perform productively at Smithsonian Institute. During such experience, I worked as an Associate Account Executive at Vault Career Services that included dealing and managing clients through internet and telephone. I also got the opportunity to work as a Branch Sales Associate during which I had the responsibility of managing clients mortgage and loan applications that allowed me to understand customers maculation ensuring their satisfaction and retention.I have carried out extensive research regarding your institution, and have attained reverence for the excellent program that offers undergraduate and graduate students from the minority groups with the opportunity of acquiring management experience in the field. much(prenominal) diversity and excellence of the program is the major reason of my interest in your reputable institution for acquiring further experience in the m anagement field. In addition, I extremely respect the profession, as it is an reflectivity that it is playing a powerful role in so many lives,

Rewriting a Disertation proposal Problem Statement Essay

Rewriting a Disertation proposal Problem Statement - Essay utilizationThere prevail been a number of issues that lead to the marriages breaking up and ending up as divorces. The main question that needs to be answered is the techniques and steps taken by the Christian couples to tolerate the ample term marriages and the womanise in their relationships.The main focus and problem that is aimed at being answered is the issues that the Christian couples have been through and how they navigate out of the issues and form a strong and strong committed relationship. Also other one of the main issues that have been faced in the current times is the weight that people bind to various factors like fear, religious duties, companionate love and passionate love and the relationship that these have to the romance that people share with their better half. The reason why love develops between couples can provide a basis upon which continuing appreciation and admiration can support the marriage . The paper provides a clear accord of the issues that are faced each day and the research brings out how couples have worked through their issues to resolve the problems and sustain their romance in the long term successful

Artistotle Rhetoric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Artistotle Rhetoric - Essay ExampleHence, Aristotles approach of arguments is consistent concerning the put on of aroused court. He explicitly elaborates that peoples perception of a speaker is a materialization of the appeal to their self-interest, inner sense of identity, and importantly their emotionsCognitive theory of the emotions that Aristotle based his arguments are frameworks that relate feelings with moral status of individuals expressing them. Cognitive theories give all types of human emotions a genuine and noticeable cognitive thought. In relation to perceived appeal to the individual pathos, cognitive theories help to stamp notion that thoughts and other mental actions perform crucial roles in the development of emotions.Aristotle advances cognitive theory by illustrating the power of emotional appeal in arguments, speeches or personal relationships. Notably, Aristotles rhetorics emphasizes that pathos is a logical delusion that can manipulate emotions and facili tate winning of an argument even in the absence of realistic evidence. In other words, emotion is structure of discourse. Thus, Aristotle further elaborates that human beings make decisions based on emotional aspects or appeals.Nonetheless, Aristotles theory of emotional appeal has several(prenominal) limitations. For instance, it addresses argumentative and non-argumentative implements of persuasion with considering conflicting perspectives. At some point, this theory outlines that argumentative technique becomes less effective because of worse condition of the audience. Thus, the theory fails to address emotional aspects of listeners

Presidential Election 2012 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Presidential Election 2012 - Essay Example1).The 2012 party conventions show that Democrats maintain the returns over the Republicans though their lead is smaller than in 2008. Results from the interviews conducted in 2012 indicate that Democratic caller has 35%, and the Republican had 28% while other independents have 33%. When we compare the leanings of the independent voters, a higher(prenominal) percentage of independents lean more on the Republican side than on the Democratic side.The recent pith polls indicate that Americans prefer the Republican platform to the Partys nominee, Mitt Romney, during the convention. As for the Democratic convention, Americans applauded to Obamas computer address more than they were with the partys platform. The Republican Platform approved during the convention represented a proficient shift for the party. It hewed the conservative and made no exceptions for the abortions regardless of whether it was intentional or not, and offered strict defi nitions on conjugation (Lindemann par. 2).Contrary, Democratic platform expressed support homosexuality and gave its reaffirmation for the support of abortion rights. The democrats oppose privatization of the kindly security while the republicans advocate for personal investments for the young employees. The presidential nominee for the Republican Party face criticism especially when he expressed his lack of support to Jerusalem. On the other hand, the Democratic Party nominee, President Obama, expressed the commitment towards Israels security. In October 15th, Romney criticized the decision by the Democrats and termed it as a rape (Lindemann par. 3).Ideally, the two parties have different ideologies on the fundamental requirements for both the country and the family. Democratic platform has termed the elections in 2012 as just not a battle between two nominees. They argued that it enhanced the determination of the bedrock necessary to the welfare of the country while the Republ icans consider the

Political Science Questions and Answers Assignment

Political Science Questions and Answers - Assignment ExampleUsing the concepts of emulation and socialization to anchor your analysis, rationalize what Waltz means when he writes that a structure may aim a compensating device that works to produce a uniformity of outcomes despite the variety of inputs. The implication by Waltz is that structure within the global agreement always focuses on maintaining their outcomes within constricted margins no matter the inputs to them. This is possible due to socialization factors and competition. Socialization results from differences in societies that arise from informal and impulsive techniques utilise in the definition of conduct norms. Consequently, the resulting norms control the group members and this discharges diversity and heartens homogeneity. Conversely, competition defines organization where the outcomes facilitate the survival of the fittest of behavior, where the least successful conducts leave the global system and the triump hant institutes set the pace imitated by others. Q.3. what argon the core assumptions of realism, according to Gilpin? How and WHY do Mearshimers assumptions differ? Guzzini reveals Gilpins five assumptions the global system is stable provided no nations attempt changing it states challenge the system where the benefits arising outdo the expenses incurred nations seek to system transmit through economic, politica, and territorial growth up to the point of equilibrium or excess on bare(a) costs of continued deepen compared to marginal benefits the attainment of equilibrium between benefits and costs resulting from additional change and growth causes faster increment in econiomic cost to sustain the status compared to the financial ability to protrude th status and failure to resolve unequity causes system changes settles for a novel equity reflection .While Gilpins assumptions focus on the system systematic, and interaction changes within the global system, Mearshimers assumption s focus on factors lend to the endless competition for security amongst nations. Additionally, Mearsheimer argues that given that powerful states operate anarchic environment, they feat and distrust for each one other leaving each to worry about the objectives of the other on security. Q4. Compare how Lebow and Waltz explain the nature of order and its relevance to the behavior of states on the world stage

Organizational Behavior Essay Example for Free

Organizational Behavior EssayThe role of organisational mien in watch anxiety empowers the bear leader to effectively diagnose situations related to the project for becharm action and performance. The organizational doings is a critical aspect to assist the project manager in accessing the particular skills of the group members at heart a functional organizational matrix (George and Jones, 2005). The understanding of organizational behavior from a project managers perspective presents an in-depth purposeual, technical, ratiocination making, and interpersonal skills that are required to successfully manage complex project teams. Analysis on Organizational Behavior That Impacts Project Management The ch solelyenges in projects can create multiple tasks to reaching the goals outlined in the project scope. For instance, the team formation bear on is detrimental to moving through phrases of forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning in order to reaching the comp letion of the project. The project management ancient role in understanding the functional project organization assists in identifying the organizational behavior indoors the context of team building to successfully moving through the phrases (Mantel, Meredith, Shafer, and Sutton, 2008).The project manager utilized the identify organizational behavior concepts of the team and the functional organization to apply appropriate human interpersonal skills for use motivation, knowledge, last making, change management, code of ethics, style of parley, and leadership direction. The interaction between the project manager and the project team are the stringent formed relationship that strengthens the communication matrix. The effort for sharing and receiving imperative information concerning the stages of the project tasks organizes the project for accurate reporting to stakeholders.Therefore, the organizational behavior presents a synergy to the effective communication matrix monitored by the project manager to assure that the channel is effectively being relayed by all individuals. The communication method determines the success of the project and defines the organizational behavior concept within the organization. Project managers must(prenominal) work with project teams through effective communication measures that reinforced the indentified organizational behavior concept (Hunger, 2007).In doing so, the expectations of the completed scope objectives are met as well as a formation of a originative project team. The skill of effective communication is the key to enrapturering the criteria of organizational behavior by demonstrating good decision making. The project managers decisions provide the organized efforts to staying on schedule and within budget with a human interpersonal skill approach that keeps the project team together. The decision making identifies the possible scenarios within the organizational behavior concept of the organization for a more direct approach to a problem.Respectively, the organizational gardenings present a challenge for the project to moving in the desired direction. Therefore, the project managers must work their own organizational cultures within their project team environments that reinforced the specific scope objectives. In doing so, the show decision making to lead the project team is manifested from understanding the culture and securing a sufficient concept of the organizational behavior.The identified organizational culture within the project environment empowers the project manager in motivating the project team to strive for effective decisions. The organizational culture impacts the project team members for decision making during the process of completing the tasks for deliverables, in which, the organizational behavior detects how successful the channels of implementing changes and how issues are addressed. Therefore, the communication and culture defines the organizational behavior for the project manager to effectively and efficiently manage the special project.The transfer of information and delivering a clear understanding of the project needs essentially benefits all associated individuals to the progress of the team within the organizational culture framework. In the framework of organizational behavior, the attributes of effective communication and understanding the culture outlines the theory of motivation for the project manager to utilize in solidifying the team. The theory of motivation offers the project manager key concepts to implement to the project team for redefining the specific goals set forth from the project use up to the scope.The theory of motivation ranges from different thought of reason from theorists to apply a certain scientific approach, however, the innate approach is the model to connecting the team objectives with a purpose mindset amongst team members. Most employees need to see the importance of the objectives therefore, the pro ject manager motivated communication tactics are critical for achieving the planned goals. The hunt for a successful project is the normal functional operations of the technique of project management within the context of organizational behavior.The efforts of the threesome C are communication, cooperation, and coordination that all work together in a synergistic approach to create a winning coalition with organizational behavior and project management. The three C are essential to providing the means in allowing project management to function in a positive team environment. The goal of project management is to manage and complete the delivery of the clients deliverable on time and on budget. Therefore, the role of organizational behavior within the principals of project management is the ability to achieve the companys goals and mission in a strategic framework.

Evidence based in nursing Essay Example for Free

inference ground in nursing EssayEvidence based in nursingIntroductionLiterature search The topic I searched on was management of virtuoso injuries. The main purpose of this research was to ascertain what literature stated on how to monitor and treat a patient to curb post traumatic seizures, which are brought about due to limitation of amount of atomic number 8 that goes to the judgment. This causes excessive release of excitory neurotransmitters, thereby increasing the brains metabolic needs, that raises pressure within the intercranial space.Unfiltered Evidence The unfiltered article that I came across had important information in it. It had three authors namely James W. Y. Chen, Robert L. throttler and Roland Eavey. It had 21 references in it, Post traumatic epilepsy and treatment. I found it in the Wiley online library database. It clearly define the whole post traumatic epilepsy symptoms, diagnosis and physiotherapy practices involved in treating it. This articl e was precise usable as it gave a clear highlight on how to go about the nursing mold of post-traumatic seizures. However, this did non show the research and advances that have been made in diagnosing and treatment of the condition.Filtered Evidence Filtering of articles was critically febrile and cumbersome. I discovered informative articles on post traumatic seizures diagnosis, treatment and care. However, most of them were obsolete and did not show clear progress in current research and health advances towards dealing with brain speck associated epilepsy. I succeeded in dismountting present day ideas when I used the online Harvey/ John Hay Whitney checkup library tool. I got 20 results from the search. Despite most of them being outdated, I managed to find a applicable one which was talking about the advances and treatment administered to the epileptic patients. It had a broad variety of the whole process and it had a lot of information. The article I found was in syno psis form (Fulton, John F. and Ralph W. Gerard, 2014).critically Appraised Topics When I used the AHRQ database I collected 173 searches on head injury post traumatic seizures. It was very wide thus difficult to obtain the information required. It was comprised of all other neural based injuries worry the spines making it difficult to come up with a clear article on post traumatic epilepsy. The nearest article that I came across was on Nerve and Brain Conditions.Systematic Reviews It was the most impelling tool that I used and its results were very easy to internalize. I found an article in the Pubmed database that showed the counsel forward in dealing with head injury traumas in a comprehensive context and I liked it a lot. I dealt with the symptoms, diagnosis and medications, and therapeutics used in dealing with the post trauma epilepsy. (Dalmady Zasler, 2014) recyclable Tip In order for one to have a complete literature research, the most sufficient way to go about it as I learnt from this assignment, is by using more than one database when trenchant for a specific topic. Another way is that, with the higher you go the more broad the evidence you get in a distinct hierarchical order.ReferencesDalmady-Israel, C., Zasler, N. (n.d.). Post-traumatic seizures A critical review. Brain Injury, 263-273. Retrieved December 9, 2014.Tsao, J. (2012). Traumatic brain injury a clinicians guide to diagnosis, management, and rehabilitation. New York Springer.Source document

Review of Michael vey Essay Example for Free

Review of Michael vey EssayThe give-and-take I read was Michael Vey The Prisoner Of Cell 25 by Richard Paul Evans. This halt was an action, adventure ground young-adult fiction and it is based in modern day California. It revolves around a male child named Michael Vey and his two fri fires Ostin and Taylor. sequence Michael might picturem like a loser to people because he is skinny and does not let out much he actually is the most powerful being on earth. He stick out send off electricity through anything that lot conduct it including humansThe obtain is mainly about how Michael has powers and has to hide them until his female p bent is abducted and he goes to find her exactly also finds out about other kids like him and at that place is this presidency that uses them in a plan to control the orb. The adventure is mostly told through the point of view of Michael but occasionally switches to a 3rd person view of the whole surrounding.I think that the fountain for ges sentences that frame in you in the room and make you feel the pain and the frustration of the characters. The author perfectly mixes the real world with the ab convening events that happen to Michael Vey. The author starts out with a mysterious call between two manpower talking about blowing up a commercial airliner, which automatically sucks the reader into the hold. It then transitions to the story of this boy named Michael Vey and while it all might seem perfectly normal the author then throws a curveball and throw in the powers that this boy possesses.The thing that I did not like is how he stalled the story after that. He introduced the event that this skinny 14 year old kid give the axe fry a person by simply touching them and then goes on to describe his boring day at school. Who does that? Although it annoyed me at first I was grateful that Richard Paul Evans (the author) did that with the story.If he did not we would have never met Taylor the crush in Michaels lif e. Who we later find out has the ability to reboot just aboutones brain like a computer and can also readsomeones mind. Then when he has introduced every-thing he takes a sharp form into a different direction by having Michaels mother and Taylor kidnapped by the Antagonist, and then begins the fierce series of events.I like how the author controls the mood in this handwriting. Initially the mood is very calm and it is cool eases you into the story. Then the mood changes rapidly for the rest of the story especially after Michaels mother is kidnapped changes into an intense series of thrilling events kidnaps his mother.I would say that depending on the scene the author would either use a calm but sympathetic tone or and intense and aggressive tone He uses imagery a lot in his book when he describes different move of the building structure that they are trapped in or he will depict an emotion that a character is pure tone to an extent that you can relate to. For example when the antagonist puts Michael into a cell and manipulates his fears you in truth can see that play out in your mind.I think that in this book at least for me there were no boring slow parts. I reasonable requireed to read more which is strange because normally all books have slow parts but this author mixes the right amount of suspense into for each one part that you want to find out what will happen next whether it is when the character and his mother are just talking or the character is in the rage of battle. This book reminded me of another amazing book with the same concepts.I can relate this to another book I read called Daniel X. I can relate because like Michael Vey prisoner of cell 25 Daniel X Keeps the world around the character normal while only making the events that happen to the character a sequence of abnormal events. Another book I can relate it to would be Max by James Patterson.I think that the author creates a perfect blend between past and present personal confl icts. He incorporates the setting by describing it vividly to the reader but also describes the characters reaction to the setting change so that the reader can relate to the characters feelings.I think that this work is a very well put together book. hitherto though In the earlier questions I make it sound like a ten on ten this book is not. I ratethis book a 9/10 for the soul creator that it was on a very directed path and you could the events that were going to happen before they did by just reading the book. Even the twist that the author put in were not that book which made some of the book predictable and who really wants a book in which they love everything that is going to happen.In this book I had a lot of moments of truly being astonished by the characters views and what they would say. The line that meant the most to me in this book was when The Antagonist had given Michael Vey an ultimatum of either killing a innocent man or permit his mother die. Michaels response t o this was, My mother would rather die then see me become a murderer I liked this because it showed both the justice and willpower of Michael. I say this because I know for a fact that I would have killed that man because even if it would be the wrong thing to do I would take his life for my happiness.This was an amazing book and even though I did not want it to finish I enjoyed the ending greatly I think that I would give the ending of this book a 10/10 because it was an amazing way to finish of the book in such a way that there can be a sequel but it also did not end it happily. I say this because even though him.In conclusion I think that this book is a 10/10. Maybe I am being too kind but I really enjoyed it. Like all books it had its slow parts but even those were page-turners and they built up to the best parts of the book. I think that the character Michael Vey himself was very well made and even though he had superpowers he had his quirks, which made the book more relatable and fun to read.

Psychology Exercise Essay Example for Free

Psychology Exercise EssayA interrogation question was proposed to a student postulation why teenagers have much difficulty rivet their attention early in the morning when compared to that of younger children. After carefully considering the state in each choice option, the following were ranked in auberge the most convincing to the least convincing 1. Thirty well-designed studies published in prestigious journals have observed that melatonin a hormone involved in sleep is secreted by the body of teenagers at a polar point in the sleep-wake cycle than it is for young children and adults. 2.A nutrition expert, appearing on Good dayspring America, stated that she believes teenagers have more difficulty counsel their attention than younger children because, as she learned in her interviews with students of all ages, the teenagers were more likely to skip breakfast. 3. After overhearing many teenagers talking about why they skin with paying attention early in the morning, it provided a good understanding for the problem. 4. Twenty well-controlled experiments published in prestigious journals strongly suggest a cause for why teenagers have more difficulty counselinging their attention early in the morning than do younger children.5. Two well-controlled experiments published in a prestigious journal suggest a cause for why teenagers have more difficulty focusing their attention early in the morning than do younger children. 6. After a recent airing of a story on the news show Dateline on NBC about some flock being morning people and others being dark people, Channel 5 asked viewers to call in the reasons they have difficulty focusing attention in the morning. Two reasons were given most frequently, and those reasons were presented on that nights local news.7. A relative has a hunch. The decision to give the aforementioned reasons the rank in which they received was based fully on the evidence presented in each statement. Items 1-3 indicated a true correlativity between the proposed question and the stated reason and personal understanding. Items 4 and 5 could have been credible sources, solely they were absent the findings in the statement offered. Item 6 was not a source focused on the study of teenagers, but rather its research was done on aPSYCHOLOGY 3 big level. Finally, item 7 did not come from someone with credibility nor did it possess any scientific cheque to back up any reasoning. Also, it did not contain a valid reason pertaining to the question at hand. There were only two reasons suggested that contained factual evidence that were believable and credible (Shohov, 2004).Items 1 and 2 proposed that research in relation to the proposed question had been carefully and scientifically performed. Item 1 declared that thirty well-designed studies had been performed reason out that a specific hormone was believed to be the cause for a teenagers inability to focus early in the morning. These studies had also been publi shed in prestigious journals. Item 2 aired on a publically respected early morning news broadcast. The finder-of-fact was an expert nutritionist who had conducted many interviews on children of all ages.Her conclusions were drawn based on answers voluntarily given by the interviewed teenagers. Her findings concluded that teenagers skipping breakfast had more difficulty focusing early in the morning. Both of these suggested reasons offered a definitive answer to the proposed question, and they bore evidence to support their findings (Shohov, 2004). References Shohov, S. (2004). Advances in psychology research, volume 17. Hauppauge, NY Nova Science Publishers, Inc.

Company structure Essay Example for Free

confederacy structure Es cite1. Explain the reasons why the organisational structure in any business is important 2. nigh populate like to work for a large company. Others prefer to work for a sm alone company. Which would you prefer? Use specific reasons and details to support your choice. Management and culture diversity3. Differences between countries become little evident severally year. Nowadays, all over the world tribe share the same fashions, advertising, brands, eating habits and TV channels. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of this?In some countries, materialisation spate are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing racy school and starting university studies. talk about the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.4. As mass communication and transport continue to grow, societies are congruous more and more alike leading to a phenomenon known as ball-shapedization. Some people timidity that globaliz ation will inevitably lead to the total loss of cultural identity. To what consummation do you tot or dissent with this statement?When worldwideistic media (including movies, fashion shows, ads and other TV programmes) convey the same messages to the global audience, people argue that the expansion of international media has negative impacts on cultural diversity. What is your opinion?5. Some people think victimization cultural heritage to develop international tourism is wrong. Others think that is the only mien to protect cultural heritage. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.Marketing6. Today, the high sales of universal consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold. To what goal do you chink or discord?7. Advertising is all around us it is an unavoidable get down of everyones life. Some people say that advertising is a positive part of our lives while others say it is a negative one. What is your opinion? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own companionship or experience.8. Do you think that word of mouth is the beat out rule of advertising?9. What makes an effective advertisement?10. In what ways can producers or retailers try to persuade customers to try peeled products?Pricing11. In your opinion, are prices the only factor that makes people buy products? Give explanation. 12. Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extend do you crack or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?The costs of medical health fear are increasing all the time. Governments are finding it difficult to balance the health care budget. Should citizens be totally responsible for their own health costs and take out private health insurance, or is it better to have a comprehensive health care system which provides free health service for all? Discuss.13. It is said that you have what you pay for. Do you agree/ disagree with this statement? 14. Offering high prices is always good. Do you agree or disagree? 15. Offering off sales is always good. Do you agree or disagree?16. More and more people are becoming overweight. Some people say that increasing the price of unhealthy or high-fat foods will solve this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree? ArbitrationThe only way to solve a serious crisis between two nations is by going to war. What is your opinion?17. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of arbitration18. The advantages of arbitration outweigh disadvantages. Do you agree? Discuss International Trade19. Some people pay money for the things they want or need. Other people get by products or goods for what they need. Compare the advantages of these two ways of obtaining things. Which way do you prefer? Explain whyImprovements in health, education and grapple are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governmen ts of richer nations should take more responsibility for portion the poorer nations in such areas.Free trade cannot be said to be beneficial to all sections of a trading nation. As such, it is necessary for it to be accompanied by an income redistribution policy. Discuss20. While a area as a whole will gain from trading with other nations, this does not mean that all sections of the community within the country will benefit. Discuss.21. Free trade is good for some but large for others Discuss this statement22. Everyone benefits from free trade DiscussWhile protectionism is bad, the World Trade Organisation appreciation for the use of tariffs over quotas as a protectionist device is extremely sensible. Discuss.What are the key principles underlying the military operation of the WTO? To what extent do these principles make economic sense?23. What are the advantages and disadvantages of international trade? 24. What are the advantages of international trade to businesses? 25. Glob alization makes rich countries richer and poor countries poorer. Do you agree?Banking26. For hundreds of years, the monetary system of most countries has been ground on the exchange of metal coins and printed pieces of paper. However, because of recent developments in technology, the international community should consider replacing the complete system of coins and paper with a system of electronic accounts of credits and debits. Discuss the extent to which you agree/ disagree with the expression above. Support your point of view with reasons/ examples from your own experience, observations or reading.27. Many people are utilise credit cards or loans to run up personal debts that they may be unable to repay. It should because be made difficult for individuals to borrow large amount of money. What is your opinion on this?28. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using credit cards?Many people who work in the banking and finance industries earn very practically more than n urses, teachers and other people who work for their local communities. Some people think this is unfair. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answers and include any relevant examples from your knowledge or experience.29. How do banks facilitate the workings of modern life?30. What are roles of banks in international trade?Financing international trade31. Documentary credit is often used to finance international trade. Why is it chosen so widely? Are at that place any risks or disadvantages for the exporter and the importer when they decide to use documentary credit?32. someday paper money and coins will be replaced by credit cards and online systems of monetary exchange. Do you agree or disagree?33. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with using credit card. 34. Why is letter of credit the commonest method of payment ininternational trade? 35. What are the advantages and disadvantages of letter of credit? 36. What are the advantages and disadvantages of open account method of payment?Financial StatementsFinancial education should be a mandatory component of the school program. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?36. Write an essay on the importance of pecuniary statements of a company. Suggested points + How many types of financial statements are there?+ What purpose are they used for?+ What are the features of each type?MA37. Discuss the Advantages and Disadvantages of Company Mergers and Acquisitions. 38. What are the reasons for the failure of many Mergers and Acquisitions? 39. Why are there high rates of failure of Mergers and Acquisitons?Exchange ratesForecasting exchange rates is essentially a waste of effort. Discuss Topics for essay writing1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of international trade? 2. What are the advantages of international trade to businesses? 3. Globalization makes rich countries richer and poor countries poorer. Do you agree? 4. Why is letter of credit the commonest method of payment in international trade? 5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of letter of credit? 6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of open account method of payment? 7. How do banks facilitate the workings of modern life?8. What are roles of banks in international trade?2. What makes an effective advertisement?3. In what ways can producers or retailers try to persuade customers to try new products? 4. Explain the method of Mark-up price or the Cost-plusprice 11. Explain what the Product mix pricing strategy is and give an example to illustrate your point.

The rate of reaction Essay Example for Free

The rate of reaction EssayThe experiment lead demolition when I take the third reading of 30cmi atomic number 11 thiosulphate theme, 20cmi water. The safety goggles are the most important cyclorama of the experiment, as it is crucial to maintain a high standard of safety when working with corrosive chemical substances. plot Graph to show predicted appearance of results Method and Results I carried the experimental investigation as stated in the Plan section, under Experimental Procedure. Having gained satisfactory results, I have arranged them in a table. dishearten of Results cmi of Na2S3O2 Time taken (seconds) Mean results solution 1 2 3 (average). To draw my graph, I utilize the reciprocal function on my calculator on each of the averages, to gain a number that stern be used to draw up a graph to show direct proportionality mingled with 1/Average Time taken and concentration of sodium thiosulphate. Conclusion In terms of move a conclusion from my results, I can say t hat they compliment my prediction, as shown by the similarity in my prediction graph (a straight declining line), and also generally in the description of rearward proportionality.As anticipated, inverse proportionality is shown amid the concentration of sodium thiosulphate and the prison term taken for the solution to bid opaque. Na2S2O3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + S + H20 + S02 scientific Explanation As the hydrochloric acid particles and the sodium thiosulphate particles collide into each another(prenominal) solid sulphur is given over off and gives the solution a yellowish tinge. After a while this sulphur builds up and clouds the solution to the point when the cross beneath becomes cloaked.The particle collision theory states that the more of a particular chemical in that respect is present in a solution (in my case sodium thiosulphate) then the more it impart collide with the other particles (the particles that concern my experiment are the hydrochloric acids). Therefore, if a 100 % concentrated solution of sodium thiosulphate is added to a solution of hydrochloric acid, all the particles will collide more often, and the reaction will occur quicker than a 60% sodium thiosulphate 40% water solution, because the 40% water has replaced what used to be sodium thiosulphate, thus reducing the speed of the reaction.Another point to make is the time of the reaction increased speedily towards the end of my results. Evaluation The results I have obtained were of quite a high general standard, however there were a few minor anomalies. One anomaly was the second result for 30cmi of sodium thiosulphate solution. Here is the draw off from my table of results, with the anomaly shown in italics. 30 472 506 493 490 It stood give away as world an abnormally long time taken, in comparison with the other two results, and also seen in the effect on the graph of results it has.This could be for a number of reasons. Firstly, going back to the planning section, there is the issu e of temperature control, which was left aside disdain being recognised as an influencing variable. If left uncontrolled then chances are that anomalies like the above will occur. I have decided not to ignore this result because the unconformity is except slight Also, the slight inconsistencies between each group of three results are also down to the fluctuating room temperature.These errors however, are only slight and therefore are not to be worried about in terms of being insufficient for drawing solid conclusions. I still believe my results to be reliable, as they average out quite impressively. There are minor differences in each of the sets of three readings that were bound to occur due to uncontrolled temperature. The differences are merely fractional, and the averages worked out give a very clear picture of type results. There were bound to be the odd fluctuation in the length of time for the solution to turn opaque because of human error.Every time it is myself that jud ges when the solution has turned sufficiently opaque and I bankrupt the watch systematically. Because my reflexes are not perfect it may seem like one measurement was longer than another, when it was only my slow reactions that distorted the result slightly. The particle collisions theory may also be to blame because if the region of the solution directly above the cross X had a larger fare of collisions, just by chance, then the reaction time would be quicker than average.I would suggest that in further experiments, the variable of heat be included, and the pair who carries out the investigation work as a team and play different roles in the experiment. One of them should time the reaction as I did, and the other should keep the temperature as constant as possible. That way anomalous results will be almost solely eradicated. The other two issues of human reflexes and of chance of areas of collision are unfortunately uncontrollable. Some kind of calculator will surely be able t o judge when a solution has turned opaque die than a human being.To test my conclusion, I would suggest doing a similar investigation, but with magnesium strips preferably of sodium thiosulphate. It will be easier to judge reaction time because one would only have to stop the watch upon seeing the magnesium completely dissolve. Also using magnesium in an experiment is a lot simpler and cheaper than using sodium thiosulphate. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This bookman written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of behavior section. Download this essay Print Save Not the one?

The strength of opposition to impact the New Deal in the period 1933-1937 Essay Example for Free

The position of adversary to impact the bleak administrate in the accomplishment 1933-1937 EssayThe brisk postulate had serious competition, which was fundamental towards the impertinent deport in particular in the period of 1933-1937 in numerous ways. There were alternatives which factored towards availing the deliverance providing radical yet simple reforms, several pressure groups also hindered the success of the smart Deal, it was scrutinized by both sides of the political spectrum where Hugh Brogan claims the left(a) for non doing enough1 this is true, reliable left wing activists such as Francis Townsend2, Father Coughlin3 and Huey Long4 did non enhance their authorization to cause everlasting impact. He also claims the right for doing too much5 this can be interpreted differently, save I partially agree that the Liberty League seek to prevent the success of the naked as a jaybird Deal as business leaders were not going to help him6 this suggests the Right aimed to hinder rather than help the late Deal.The strength of opposition had potential to cause serious impact, this varied as round more(prenominal) than others contri barelyed. It is unclear how opposition enforced certain policies, scarce they certainly cause change to some extent, where some(prenominal) were able to prosper, as it was clear that society needs reform7. Politically there was enough opposition to piss severe importance stock-still there were also other schemes that contributed to impacting the in the altogether Deal, but I debate due to the refreshful Deals success in the beginning created no opportunity for oppositional groups to contribute every significance, no matter how strong they were to influence the impertinent Deal.From the Left, many activists had their own ideologies and beliefs, many like Huey Long, Francis Townsend and Father Coughlin believed the New Deal were not going far enough which Coughlin envisaged, yet he initially stated t he New Deal is Christs Deal8 so far he turned against the New Deal because Roosevelt failed to carry on his radical reforms, which should not be underestimated as Roosevelt was afraid of Coughlins influence9 his sheer strength alone was enough to cause change, he had influenced 40 million the Statesns listening to his radio sermons, this was more popular than FDRs fireside chats10 his significance was minor unless he did prove to be a threat, but It is evident that Coughlin could not of done much to impact the New Deal because it seems his polices were vague11 his inconsistency of ideologies proved to be his dropfall, when attacking the New Deal he believed it was a communist conspiracy, yet he too fought for similar polices which I believe worsened his credibility, overall his authority and strength did impact the economy, his significance undoubtedly was there yet lost popularity consequently losing his radio program, but he was too radical to return any importance towards th e New Deal his radical style seemed to give oneself up his audience12 this again was another reason why he could not generate enough support to whelm the New Deal, numerous historians such as .Evidently Townsend was different from conventional opponents of the New Deal, he treasured to improve the New Deal13 this was successful as he implemented many ways that prolonged the New Deal becoming more effective. Clearly suggests that Townsends ideas influenced Roosevelts thinking of the New Deal14 Pennington believed that Townsend proved to be beneficial, similar to Coughlin he too had support of 5 million members, but in my view he was inadequate, yes he helped feed through the Social Security Act, which incorporated the Old Age Revolving Pensions however it was not received by elderly people15 which undermines his impact of the New Deal. His significance is questionable, but he provided alternatives that contributed towards helping the economy.Lastly from the left, and definitely p erceived to be the biggest threat to the New Deal was Huey Long, like Coughlin was an early supporter of the New Deal16, he was differently known as the Kingfish17 who consisted the characteristics of intelligent, avaricious and cynical18 he too was a strident critic19 of the New Deal, he pinpointed certain aspects which help provide solutions towards the economy. He proved to be influential which his Share Our Wealth Scheme presentation germinal methods of financing public works in Louisiana20 I believe it is considered to appeal to mainly the poor, but Roosevelt acknowledged this, I assume Roosevelt used Longs ideas compared to Townsend and Coughlin as he proved that policies actually worked thus approximately of his policies would have been employed in the New Deal.However he too seemed inadequate, as, he was not offered a federal post21 which suggests his contribution to the New Deal would have been minute. His significance in Louisiana was successful however it is questionab le if his ideas would be embraced on a national level I firmly believe his policies would not have been favorable, as it is evident because the 1936 election provided a strong belief in capitalism with 27 million Americans behind Roosevelt also it was suggested that it was highly improbable22 that he would of beaten Roosevelt in 1936 election this highlights his weaknesses when facing the New Deal, was not able to generate enough support which was also another problem with many opponents of the New Deal.Certainly from the Left they had much in common23 they all disliked Roosevelt, this was stated by Badger which I to some extent agree yet it is deemed that they all addressed the real problems and the real Deals failings which supports the assertion of opposition being beneficial, highlighting the failures of the New Deal, clearly Roosevelt would have been aware of this, it is thought of the Left advocating simple solutions24 however their solutions did not bring the results25, it wa s possible for Long to Capitalize support from Coughlin and Townsend, crushing Roosevelt and the New Deal the mental picture source26 strengthens Badgers assertion that the New Deal was often flawed because of the cost but as the New Deal provided many Left wing polices, it only enhanced the New Deal apparently showing more organisation and impact covering roughly aspects of America thus shunning any credit from opposition, it is evidently shown resulting from the second New Deal with the Social Security Act, Rural electrification27 and also National Labour dealings Act consequently quietening opposition of the New Deal.It is clear that they were too radical to go beyond the New Deal it must also be considered that the New Deal created 6 million Jobs, yet 11 million were still unemployed, this was where the Left incorporated their radical views, yet they were often flawed which prevented their success. The Left did have more significance compared to the right as certain movement s and parties helped the New Deal in many aspects, which Clements pinpointed regulator Floyd B Olson of Minnesota, led the Farmer-Labour Party introducing many radical economic reforms but similar to Long, they both died which their policies died with them as well. interpret Source 128 portrays Roosevelts success of the New Deal by focusing on the forgotten man, where he utters Yes, You Remembered Me29 this clearly indicates all opposition were all insufficient to help, clearly his success preventing opposition to generate any momentum to play down the New Deal, also Amity Shales suggests opposition proved shrill and peripheral he also claims that from the Liberty League to Father Coughlin proved to have no such impact, but I believe he underestimated the potential that they created, they could of generated a superior strength, during the period of political change, during a period where Hitler was able to be dictator of Germany, opposition, especially from the Left could easily of overhauled Roosevelt and the New Deal.Certainly there were creative ways of tackling the Depression however the New Deal was superior during a time of confusion and despair. The New Deal from face value looked turn things around, and certainly they provided stability and prosperity. Establishing authority in which opposition set in motion hard to compete with.All opposition clearly impacted the New Deal in some way, but I truly believe that the Republican Party proved to be the biggest threat of all, as they created different ways of restraining the new Deal success, they also link with the Supreme Court surprisingly the most significant opposition came within Roosevelts government, as it was mostly dominated by republican judges, they were striking down some of the New Deals Measures30 they clearly impacted the New Deal, however unlike the Left it did not needfully benefit New Dealers, it can be seen as restraining the success of the New Deal as they stated 11 out of 16 of the al phabet agencies were unconstitutional31.Roosevelt believed the Supreme Court hindered rather than help the New Deal, Roosevelt tried to use a notion of act packing32 where judges over 70 should retire, however this backfired, arguably declination his reputation, which reflected towards the New Deal badly, also considered to be the darkest moment33 of FDRs campaign, yet it is suggested that Roosevelt responded with compromise34 based on the context of the supreme court it clearly shows no compromise towards the Republican judges but its impact is shown however their contribution was .Roosevelt did lot his opponents effectively, it is claimed that FDR would take the fire out of opposing arguments35 by cooperation, which he successfully did with Townsend and Long, however there were measure where he failed to understand the strength of opposition when it comes towards the Supreme Court, he was ambitious to limit their power however he did underestimate the strength In which they co ndemned Roosevelts actions.The strongest opposition from the Left would be Huey Long, yet from the right it would be the Liberty League,In conclusion opposition to the New Deal was significant they demonstrated a medley of alternatives which challenged the New Deal. Both sides of opposition certainly contributed to influence the New Deal, but I believeBibliography1) Kathryn barrel maker2) Anthony Badger3) Clements4) The Roosevelts Presence5) Joanne de Pennington6) The New Deal-Americas Response to the New Deal7) The USA 1917-45 Doug and Susan Willoughby8) Franklin D Roosevelt Profiles in might Patrick Renshaw9) The presidency of Franklin D Roosevelt by George Mc Jimsey10) The forgotten Man- Amity Shlaes-picture source11) The extract of Democracy Alonzo L Hamby12) The Limits of Liberty- American History13) Hugh Brogan, The penguin History of the United States of America14) Chris Rone AQA history USA15) The FDR years On Roosevelt and his Legacy.1 Hugh Brogan The penguin History Of United History of United States America p5602 Francis Townsend focused on boosting the economy by raising pensions over 60s3 Charles Coughlin a Canadian priest who broadcasted popular sermons4 Huey Long, regulator of Louisiana, Launched Share Our Wealth Campaign5 Hugh Brogan The penguin History Of United History of United States America p5606 Hugh Brogan The penguin History Of United History of United States America p5607 Joanne de Pennington p128-1298 Susan and Doug Willoughby p1399 Peter Clements prosperity Depression and the New Deal the USA 1890-1954 p146-15010 Susan and Doug Willoughby p13911 The Era of Franklin D.Roosevelt, 1932-1945 A Brief History with Documents12 http//www.dtman.com/steve_private/ schooltime/newdeal.htm13 Susan and Doug Willoughby p13914 Joanne de Pennington p128-12915 Susan and Doug Willoughby p13916 http//www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm17 He was called the Kingfish from the radio show of Amos and Andy18 The survival of Democracy-Alonzo L. H amby FDR and the world in crisis p262-26319 The survival of Democracy-Alonzo L. Hamby FDR and the world in crisis p262-26320 http//www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm21 http//www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm22 http//www.historylearningsite.co.uk/New_Deal_opposition.htm23 Anthony Badger The New Deal p292-29424 Anthony Badger The New Deal p292-29425 Anthony Badger The New Deal p292-29426 http//resources.dynamic-learning.co.uk/Titles/MWH_2/e2de78b5-0012-4643-933a-ef27 Joanne De Penningtonp128-12928 The Forgotten Man- Amity Shales Picture Source29 The Forgotten Man- Amity Shales Picture Source30 Limits of Liberty American History 1607-1980 p462-46331 http//www.historylearningsite.co.uk/New_Deal_opposition.htm32 http//www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm33 http//www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm34 http//www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm35 http//www.dtman.com/steve_private/school/newdeal.htm

Literacy Survey of Bangladesh 2010 Essay Example for Free

Literacy succeed of Bangladesh 2010 EssayIndicator 1. Literacy Situation topic 5 historic period and every do suffer write a garner for communication (Lite standardize) 7 divisions and every come forward Can write a earn for communication (Lite calculate) Rural 5 age and over Can write a letter for communication (Lite valuate) 7 geezerhood and over Can write a letter for communication (Lite estimate) urban 5 years and over Can write a letter for communication (Literate) 7 years and over Can write a letter for communication (Literate) 2. Literacy rate by Age group 05-09 10-14 15-19 20-24 15-24 25+ 15+ 15-24 3. Highest grade passed (5 years and over) gibe No schooling ix one C. 00 38. 22 ascorbic acid. 00 35. 88 degree centigrade. 00 40. 62 16. 43 67. 38 82. 17 75. 09 78. 63 52. 75 59. 82 78. 58 15. 78 64. 51 80. 57 76. 77 78. 67 58. 47 63. 89 78. 81 17. 10 70. 57 83. 98 73. 73 78. 86 46. 84 55. 71 78. 36 68. 40 70. 84 65. 95 65. 83 68. 09 63. 54 54. 19 56. 90 51. 39 51. 81 54. 39 49. 16 57. 53 60. 15 54. 84 55. 08 57. 56 52. 54 both sexual practice (%) antheral (%) young-bearing(prenominal) (%) The Bangladesh Literacy bailiwick, 2010 Indicator slit I-V Class VI-VIII Class IX-X SSC/ resembling HSC/equivalent Degree/equivalent Masters/equivalent Engineering/Medical good/vocational* Others 4.Training Received by lawsuit of Training Technical/Vocational* Catering swear out Garments/Tailoring Foreign Langu maturate In-service cultivation Nursing Youth armment homework Other training 5. 6. Use of Internet Facility (15 years and over) Used internet Mode of Using Internet jail cell phone Computer Both 7. Use of Internet by Level of Education (5 years and over) resume Class I-V Class VI-VIII Class IX-X viii 1. 12 0. 00 0. 48 3. 60 1. 49 0. 00 0. 54 4. 25 0. 74 0. 00 0. 43 2. 95 63. 80 33. 19 2. 98 63. 90 33. 30 2. 80 63. 68 32. 95 3. 37 1. 49 2. 00 0.97 1. 38 0. 14 0. 70 0. 07 1. 26 0. 05 0. 34 1. 10 1. 92 0. 19 0. 74 0. 10 2. 05 0. 03 0. 53 1. 64 0. 84 0. 09 0. 66 0. 04 0. 46 0. 06 0. 14 0. 56 Both grammatical sexual activeness (%) 29. 56 13. 29 8. 05 5. 21 3. 08 1. 55 0. 85 0. 11 0. 08 0. 01 phallic (%) 29. 80 12. 96 7. 97 5. 86 3. 81 2. 17 1. 24 0. 17 0. 12 0. 02 distaff (%) 28. 30 13. 63 8. 12 4. 54 2. 34 0. 92 0. 45 0. 05 0. 04 0. 01 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Indicator SSC/equivalent HSC/equivalent Degree/equivalent Masters/equivalent Engineering/Medical Technical/vocational* Others Both sexual practice (%) 3.65 5. 95 13. 21 17. 76 27. 35 8. 00 4. 28 Male (%) 4. 27 6. 74 13. 47 18. 19 27. 20 8. 05 6. 36 female person (%) 2. 83 4. 62 12. 59 16. 57 27. 96 7. 84 0. 00 Indicator piano tuner 8. Use of Electronic Media by the Population for Education Purpose (%) some(prenominal)(prenominal) measure in prevail 3 months Several multiplication in a month Several multiplication in a hebdomad day-after-day No scope Male Television Radio Female Television 21. 94 6. 76 3. 06 2. 82 13. 60 22. 95 14. 24 10. 91 13. 87 9. 43 20. 46 5. 73 2. 67 2. 45 14. 17 21. 90 12. 08 9. 09 13.01 10. 70 Indicator Library defend st wholly News stand Comm. centre 9. Visit to Public Places for Attaining Literacy Skill Several clock in live on 3 months Several clock in a month Several clock in a week Daily No scope 3. 04 0. 99 0. 41 0. 45 8. 26 10. 58 2. 73 0. 43 0. 27 6. 52 1. 72 0. 57 0. 26 0. 32 8. 00 0. 78 0. 18 0. 09 0. 36 9. 55 nones *= Technical/Vocational=Computer training, Motor driving/Motor mechanic, Welding, Electrical, etc, ix Acronyms notice board UNESCO UN UNV LFS ICT PSU UNDP UNICEF HHBangladesh Bureau of Statistics United Nation Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations United Nations Volunteerism restriction Force Survey Information and Communication Technology Primary Sampling Unit United Nations study Programme United Nations Children Emergency Fund House Hold xii The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Section I excogitation and Overview 1. 0 Backgrou nd Information pertaining to literacy is an important social indicator having direct bearing on unalike socio-economic factors, including employment.The Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) has included a very detailed literacy module in the 2010 Labour Force Survey (LFS). The items that have been included in the literacy module be ability to write a letter, highest class passed, rate of flow enrolment in the trainingal institutions, skill development training, use of literacy skill in every twenty-four hour period life, viewing of pedagogics-related programmes in electronic media such(prenominal)(prenominal) as radio and tv, attending starts having connection with educational improvement such as library, book- carrell, news-stand, community- ground educational centre, etc., and use of latest Information and Communication Technology (ICT) such as internet for educational purposes. It may be mentioned that all the tables of the current report argon weighted, based on 2010 Labour Force Survey. In Bangladesh, literacy rates available from contrastive vistas and studies be significantly distinguishable. This is mainly due to the fact that the definition of a literate person is not uniform and standardized, and most of the surveys and studies are not based on competency test. In the present survey, literacy is defined by the ability of make-up a simple letter for communication.The surveys and studies generally record the respondents statement relating solo to his/her literacy status. However, comprehensive, bona fide and timely information on literacy rate is important for formulating policies and improving the state of literacy direct in the country. statistical data on literacy rate is important for both(prenominal) government and other stakeholders. With this objective in mind, the UNESCO be after to carry out a household-based survey on literacy rate in collaboration with the BBS. 1 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 1. 1 Objectives of the SurveyThe objectives of the survey were as follows 1. To develop and adopt a methodology for providing regular quality data on the access and use of literate environment by individuals including adults and youth in Bangladesh. 2. To obtain regular quality data on the access of literacy program and usage of literacy skills in Bangladesh. 3. To build national capacities in monitoring the literacy program and measurement of individual access and use of literacy skills and literate environment. 1. 2 Scope of the Survey It is a nationwide household based survey. The entire country is the domain of the survey.The survey covered all persons who have attained the age of 5 years and higher up. However, people in special dwellings such as patients in hospitals, inmates in prisons, inmates in homes for special care (e. g. disabled, patriarchal), boarders in boarding schools were not under the prospect of this survey. This survey will produce national estimate by urban and artless. 1. 3 Sampling normal for the Survey The questionnaire of the household based literacy was part of the 2010 Labour Force Survey (LFS) questionnaire as a recognise module, and this questionnaire was applied in the same PSU (Primary Sampling Unit) and in the same sample households. at that placefore, it was not required to develop a separate and independent sampling design for this survey. A tot up of 43,945 households were covered of which 34,620 households were from folksy areas and 9,325 households were from urban areas. The division wise allocation of the sample PSUs and households are as follows 2 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 defer 1 dispersion of PSUs by Divisions Divisions Rural Dhaka Chittagong Rajshahi Khulna Barisal Sylhet TOTAL 244 183 268 168 156 156 1175 flesh of PSU Urban 126 63 46 42 26 22 325 Total 370 246 314 210 182 178 1500.Table 2 Distri barelyion of Sampled Households by Divisions Divisions Rural Dhaka Chittagong Rajshahi Khulna Barisal Sylhet TOTAL 6829 5372 8277 5031 4361 4750 34,620 Number of Sampled Households Urban 3738 1785 1338 1111 690 663 9,325 Total 10567 7157 9615 6142 5051 5413 43,945 1. 4 Limitations of the survey The literacy survey 2010 is not a standalone survey, rather it is a modular survey. The information collected under the survey is based on the responses received from the respondents where no practical tests was administered. Therefore, in that respect is a opportunity for an upward bias.The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 The survey was conducted with the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the main focus was on labour force characteristics such as employment, underemployment, occupation, industry etc. This provided an opportunity to collect data on literacy. Therefore, there might be underreporting of some questions. Special training is required for this special type of survey, but it was not done and the training was given simultaneously with LFS which may have some negative force about the quality of the da ta. 4 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Section II Population Characteristics 2.0 Population Characteristics Before discussing the education related information from the 2010 LFS, let us exercise the characteristics of the survey creation in terms of their age-gender diffusion and marital status. 2. 1 Age Gender Distribution Age-gender dispersion of the macrocosm has been presented in Table-3. The highest proportion of embodyence is in the age group 10-14 years, and the corresponding part is 12. 48 at the national level for both gender, followed by age group 0-4 (12. 22%) and 5-9 (11. 75%). These lead groups constitute around 36. 5 % of the total universe. Males constitute 37.0% and females 36. 0%. There exist urban- plain variations in the age-gender dispersion of the population. In the sylvan areas, the percentage of population for both gender of these tierce age groups was 37. 5% compared to 33. 0% for the urban areas. This may be explained by the higher fertility in rural than urban areas. Similar differences are also seen by gender. As regards population 70 years and over, the percentage is 2. 7% in rural areas and 2. 1% in urban areas. 5 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Table 3 luck distribution of population by age, gender and place of residence, 2010 National Both gender hundred.00 12. 22 11. 75 12. 48 8. 58 8. 80 8. 46 6. 83 6. 99 5. 55 4. 98 3. 69 2. 93 2. 45 1. 73 2. 56 87. 78 Both gender nose candy. 00 12. 65 12. 09 12. 77 8. 45 8. 45 8. 07 6. 60 6. 79 5. 45 4. 96 3. 68 2. 97 2. 56 1. 82 2. 71 67. 28 Rural Both gender 100. 00 10. 79 10. 64 11. 52 9. 04 9. 98 9. 77 7. 61 7. 66 5. 88 5. 02 3. 72 2. 80 2. 09 1. 44 2. 06 20. 50 Urban Male 100. 00 10. 83 10. 64 11. 68 8. 74 8. 52 8. 90 7. 58 7. 71 6. 16 5. 51 4. 33 3. 23 2. 28 1. 56 2. 35 10. 30 Female 100. 00 10. 75 10. 64 11. 36 9. 34 11. 46 10. 66 7. 63 7. 60 5. 61 4. 52 3. 10 2. 37 1. 89 1. 31 1.75 10. 20 Age group Total 00-04 05-09 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70+ 5+ Male 100. 00 12. 26 11. 70 12. 97 9. 03 7. 75 7. 67 6. 36 6. 87 5. 64 5. 28 3. 97 3. 15 2. 62 1. 88 2. 85 44. 46 Female 100. 00 12. 18 11. 81 11. 98 8. 12 9. 88 9. 27 7. 32 7. 12 5. 46 4. 66 3. 39 2. 71 2. 27 1. 58 2. 26 43. 33 Male 100. 00 12. 68 12. 02 13. 35 9. 12 7. 53 7. 30 6. 00 6. 63 5. 48 5. 21 3. 87 3. 12 2. 72 1. 97 3. 00 34. 16 Female 100. 00 12. 61 12. 16 12. 17 7. 76 9. 41 8. 85 7. 22 6. 97 5. 41 4. 71 3. 48 2. 81 2. 39 1. 66 2. 41 33. 13 2.2 marital Status The marital status of population 10 years and over by gender and place of residence is presented in Table-4 and Figure-1. Around 60% males and 66% females fourth-year 10 years and over are married. The percentage of unmarried is 39. 29% for males compared to 25. 61% for females. The percentage of widowed /widower was 1. 05% for males compared to 8. 52% for females. There exist some differences in urban and rural areas with respect to marital status. In the urban areas, 33. 34% males senior 10 years and over are unmarried compared to 39. 92% in the rural areas. As regards females, 27.70% are unmarried in urban areas compared to 24. 95% in the rural areas. The percentage of widowed was 1. 06% for rural males compared to 1. 01% for urban males. For the females, the percentage of widowed was 8. 81% in the rural areas compared to 7. 59% in the urban areas. 6 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Table 4 per centum distribution of population 10 years and over by marital status, gender and place of residence, 2010 National Marital status Both gender Male Female Both gender Rural Male Female Both gender Urban Male Female Total neer married Married widow 100. 00 32. 54 62. 73 4. 73 100. 00 39. 29 59.66 1. 05 100. 00 25. 61 65. 87 8. 52 100. 00 32. 29 62. 84 4. 87 100. 00 39. 41 59. 54 1. 06 100. 00 24. 95 66. 24 8. 81 100. 00 33. 34 62. 38 4. 28 100. 00 38. 92 60. 07 1. 01 100. 00 27. 70 64. 70 7. 59 Figure 1 fate distribution of population vulcanized 10 years and ov er by marital status, 2010 Never married 33% Married 62% leave behind 5% 7 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 8 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Section III Literacy and Training 3. 0 Literacy and Training This section deals with the literacy level of population aged 5 and 7 years and over and the training received by the population 15 years and over.Literacy by age and place of residence, level of education by gender and place of residence are also discussed in this section. 3. 1 Literacy Situation Literacy level of population aged 5 years and over is given in Table 5 and Figure 2. At the national level, 55. 08% are literate for both gender, and the percentages for males and females are 57. 56% and 52. 54% respectively. Table 5 Literacy rate of population aged 5 and 7 years and over by gender, 2010 National Type of literacy 5 years and over Both gender Total Can write a letter for communication (Literate) Cant write a letter for communication (Illiterate) 100.00 55. 08 Male 100. 00 57. 56 Female 100. 00 52. 54 7 years and over Both gender 100. 00 57. 53 Male 100. 00 60. 15 Female 100. 00 54. 84 44. 92 42. 44 47. 46 42. 47 39. 85 45. 16 9 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Figure 2 Literacy rate of population aged 7 years and over by gender, 2010 Female Male Both gender 0 20 54. 84 60. 15 57. 53 40 60 45. 16 39. 85 42. 47 80 100 Literate Illiterate The literacy rate of population aged 7 years and over is around higher, 57. 53% are literate at the national level, and the corresponding rates for males and females are 60. 15% and 54. 84% respectively. 3.2 Literacy level by place of residence There exist variations in the literacy rate by rural-urban residence. The literacy rate for population 5 years and over by both gender was 51. 81% in the rural areas compared to 65. 83% in the urban areas. The corresponding figures for males and females were 54. 39% and 49. 16% in the rural areas compared to 68. 9% and 63. 54% in the urban areas. As regards literacy rate for population 7 years and over, literacy rate for both gender in the rural areas was 54. 19% compared to 68. 40% in the urban areas and male and female literacy rates in the rural areas were 56. 90% and 51.39% respectively compared to 70. 84% and 65. 95% for urban areas. 10 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Table 6 Literacy rate of population 5 years and over and 7 years and over by gender and place of residence, 2010 5 years and over Status of literacy Rural Total Can write a letter for communication (Literate) Cant write a letter for communication (Illiterate) Urban Total Can write a letter for communication (Literate) Cant write a letter for communication (Illiterate) 100. 00 65. 83 34. 17 100. 00 68. 09 31. 91 100. 00 63. 54 36. 46 100. 00 68. 40 31. 60 100. 00 70. 84 29. 16 100. 00 65. 95 34. 05 100. 00 51. 81 48.19 100. 00 54. 39 45. 61 100. 00 49. 16 50. 84 100. 00 54. 19 45. 81 100. 00 56. 90 43. 10 100. 00 51. 39 48. 61 Both gender Male Female 7 years and over Bot h gender Male Female 3. 3 Literacy by Age Group Table 7 Literacy (persons who can write a letter) rate of population by gender and age group, 2010 Both gender Age group 05-09 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ 15+ 15-24 Can write a letter 16. 43 67. 38 82. 17 75. 09 52. 75 59. 82 78. 58 Cant write a letter 83. 57 32. 62 17. 83 24. 91 47. 25 40. 18 21. 42 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Can write a letter 15. 78 64. 51 80. 57 76. 77 58. 47 63. 89 78. 81 Male Cant write a letter 84.22 35. 49 19. 43 23. 23 41. 53 36. 11 21. 18 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Can write a letter 17. 10 70. 57 83. 98 73. 73 46. 84 55. 71 78. 36 Female Cant write a letter 82. 90 29. 43 16. 02 26. 27 53. 16 44. 29 21. 64 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 11 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Literacy rate by age group has been presented in Table-7 and Figure 3. The age groups that have been considered are 5-9, 10-14, 15-19, 20-24, 25+, 15+ and 15-24. The literacy rate increases with the age group up to certain lev el, and thereafter, it declines. This indicates that the attainment of literacy is a recent phenomenon.Figure 3 Literacy rate of population by age group Can write a letter Cant write a letter 17. 83 100 32. 62 80 70 Percent 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 83. 57 82. 17 47. 25 40. 18 90 24. 91 67. 38 75. 09 5-9 16. 43 10-14 15-19 20-24 25+ 52. 75 15+ 59. 82 15-24 Age group Literacy rate for population aged 05-09 year is 16. 43% for the total population, which increases to 67. 38% for age group 10-14 year, 82. 17% for age group 15-19 year, thereafter, it declines to 78. 58% for 15-24 and 75. 09% for 20-24. The literacy rate for population 25 years and over is 52. 75% and 59. 82% for population aged 15 years and over.It is notable that the literacy rate in the age group 5-9, 10-14 and 15-19 is higher for females compared to males, whereas, for age group 15-24 and 20-24, male literacy rate is higher than that of females. The recent high enrolment of females at the primary and secondary levels has c ontributed to this higher literacy for females. The literacy rate for 25+ and 15+ population is higher among males than females. The corresponding figures for males are 58. 47% and 63. 84% and 46. 84% and 55. 71% for females respectively. 12 78. 58 21. 42 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 3. 4 Training Received By Type of Training.Training received by population 15 years and over by type of training has been presented in Table- 8. Only 5. 0% of the population aged 15 years and over received some sort of training in their life. Such percentage was 7. 2% for males and 2. 8% for females.Table 8 Percentage distribution of population aged 15 years and over who received any training by gender and place of residence, 2010 Type of training received Total No Training Received Technical/Vocational* Catering operate Garments/Tailoring Foreign Language In-service training Nursing Youth development training Other training Bangladesh Both gender Male Female Both gender.Rural Male Female Both gender Urban Male Female 100. 00 95. 26 1. 32 0. 17 1. 33 0. 07 1. 00 0. 08 0. 19 0. 58 100. 00 100. 00 94. 96 1. 38 0. 14 0. 70 0. 07 1. 26 0. 05 0. 34 1. 10 92. 79 1. 92 0. 19 0. 74 0. 10 2. 05 0. 03 0. 53 1. 64 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 97. 16 0. 84 0. 09 0. 66 0. 04 0. 46 0. 06 0. 14 0. 56 96. 04 1. 02 0. 12 0. 51 0. 05 0. 86 0. 05 0. 33 1. 02 94. 33 1. 35 0. 17 0. 58 0. 08 1. 44 0. 04 0. 53 1. 47 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 97. 77 0. 69 0. 07 0. 45 0. 02 0. 28 0. 05 0. 13 0. 55 91. 60 2. 52 0. 21 1. 29 0. 13 2. 49 0. 04 0. 35 1. 38 87. 95 3. 71 0. 26 1. 25 0. 18 3. 97 0. 00 0.51 2. 17 notes Technical/Vocational=Computer training, Motor driving/Motor mechanic, Welding, Electrical, etc, There exist urban-rural variations among those who received training. In the rural areas, around 4. 0% received training for both gender compared to 8. 4% in urban areas.The percentage of male and female training recipients was 5. 7% and 2. 2% in rural areas compared to 12. 1% for males and 4. 7% for fe males in the urban areas. 13 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 As regards type of training received, the highest was technical/vocational (1. 38%), followed by in-service training (1.26%), garments/tailoring (0. 70%) and youth development training (0. 34%).This invention is true among both males and females as well as in both urban and rural areas. 14 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Section IV Reading Habit and Practice 4. 0 Reading Habit and Practice This section deals with the rendering habits and practices by the population aged 5 years and over. The items that have been covered are different selecting materials use, writing practice in the work of everyday usage, and viewing the electronic media (Radio and Television) for development of education skill.4. 1 Reading Habits by Type of Reading Materials The scaning materials that have been included in this survey are road signs, names of stores, posters, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines, story and novels, manuals, refe rence books, bill/invoices and charts and maps. Reading habits by type of reading materials have been presented in Table-9. It is observed from the table that 25. 70% of the population aged 5 year and above read road-signs or names of stores some(prenominal) multiplication in the sound three months. Road-signs or names of stores were read several(prenominal)(prenominal) clock in a month by 6.95%. Such an activity was performed by 3. 68% several times in a week and 5. 30% daily. Reading of posters or pamphlets was performed by 20. 62% in last three months 7. 75% several times in a month, 3. 40% several times in a week and 4. 53% daily. Use of newspapers and magazines was not high, with just 9. 39% reporting read such materials several times in the last three months, 3. 54% several times in a month, 2. 27% several times in a week and 2. 81% used daily. Story and Novels as reading materials were used by only 7. 19% several times in the last three month, 2.55%, several times in a m onth 1. 0% several times in a week and 2. 53% daily. Manuals and reference books were used by an insignificant proportion of the respondents. Only 2. 48% respondents used such materials several times in the last three months,0. 61% used 15 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 several times in the last months,0. 12% used several times in the last week, and 0. 14% used it daily. Bills and invoices were also read by fewer numbers of respondents. Charts and Maps were used by only 1. 90% of the respondents several times in the last three months, 0.35% several times in a month, 0. 14% several times in a week, and 0. 09% daily. It may be noted that to a greater extent than 40% respondents can not read, and therefore, they could not use such reading materials at all. However, a high percentage of the respondents never used those materials, though they could read those materials. There exist urban-rural variations in the use of these reading materials. Use of all reading materials was higher in the urban than rural areas, particularly, reading the road-signs and names of stores, posters and pamphlets and newspapers and magazines.Table 9 Percentage distribution of reading times in last three months of population aged 5 years and over by place of residence, 2010 frequency of reading habits Road Posters Newspapers Story signs or Names of Pamphlets Magazines Novels stores Manuals interview books Bills Invoices Charts Maps etc. National Cant read Never read Several times in last 3 months 100. 00 39. 14 14. 86 25. 00 7. 27 3. 87 6. 94 2. 91 0. 00 100 41. 94 14. 82 24. 24 6. 95 3. 68 100. 00 38. 66 20. 03 21. 19 7. 36 3. 51 5. 57 3. 68 0. 00 100 41. 47 19. 25 20. 62 7. 13 3. 40 100. 00 100. 00 38. 85 33. 14 9. 97 3. 91 2. 62 5.00 6. 52 0. 00 100 41. 65 33. 67 9. 39 3. 54 2. 27 38. 57 40. 60 7. 59 2. 74 1. 03 2. 54 6. 93 0. 00 100 41. 41 39. 02 7. 19 2. 53 1. 00 100. 00 38. 54 51. 44 2. 39 0. 71 0. 26 0. 40 6. 25 0. 00 100 41. 13 50. 37 2. 48 0. 61 0. 12 100. 00 38. 34 51. 96 2. 92 0. 79 0. 15 0. 21 5. 63 0. 00 100 41. 13 50. 37 2. 48 0. 61 0. 12 100. 00 38. 35 53. 21 1. 96 0. 37 0. 14 0. 11 5. 86 0. 00 100 41. 13 51. 25 1. 90 0. 35 0. 14 Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not reported Rural Cant read Never read Several times in last 3 months Several times in a month Several times in a week 16.The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Table 9 Percentage distribution of reading times in last three months of population aged 5 years and over by place of residence, 2010 frequence of reading habits Road Posters Newspapers Story signs or Names of Pamphlets Magazines Novels stores Manuals Reference books Bills Invoices Charts Maps etc. Daily No scope Not reported Urban Cant read Never read Several times in last 3 months 5. 30 3. 07 0. 00 100 29. 97 14. 98 27. 50 8. 35 4. 51 12. 32 2. 38 0. 00 4. 53 3. 59 0. 00 100 29. 43 22. 60 23. 04 8. 13 3. 85 8. 99 3. 97 0. 00 2. 81 6. 66 0. 00 100 29. 63 31. 38 11.85 5. 11 3. 77 12. 19 6. 07 0. 00 2. 53 6. 32 0. 00 100 29. 26 45. 77 8. 90 3. 43 1. 13 2. 57 8. 94 0. 00 0. 14 5. 16 0. 00 100 29. 22 57. 88 2. 89 0. 86 0. 23 0. 48 8. 44 0. 00 0. 14 5. 16 0. 00 100 29. 18 57. 18 4. 38 1. 38 0. 27 0. 42 7. 19 0. 00 0. 09 5. 16 0. 00 100 29. 24 59. 66 2. 16 0. 45 0. 15 0. 18 8. 17 0. 00 Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not reported 4. 2 Literacy Practice by Performing Different Activities Literacy practice by do different activities in the last three months by the population aged 5 years and over has been presented in table-10.Only 7% wrote personal earn several times in the last three months, 2. 40% wrote personal letters several times in a month, 0. 34% wrote personal letters several times in a week, and 0. 10% wrote daily. As regards writing official letters, 2. 60% wrote several times in the last three months 0. 94% wrote several times in a month, 0. 20% wrote several times in a week, and 0. 14% wrote daily. Filling out forms were done by 4. 89% respondents in the last three months, 1. 46% several times in a month, 0. 21% several times in a week, and 0. 13% daily. musical composition a report several times in the last three months was done by only 1. 25%, 0. 42% in a month, 0. 13% in a week, and 0. 09% daily. 17 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Preparing bills and invoices in the last three months for several times was reported by 1. 19% of the respondents, 0. 49% several times in a month, 0. 12% several times in a week, and 0. 12% daily. As regards preparation of Charts and Maps, 1. 26% prepared these several times in last three months, 0. 27% several times in a month, 0. 17% several times in a week, and 0. 10% daily.Table 10 Percentage distribution of population aged 5 years and over by writing habit and performing activities, 2010 Frequency of reading habits National total Cant write Never write Several times in last 3 months Wrote personal letter 100. 00 46. 14 38. 53 7. 00 2. 40 0. 34 0. 10 5. 37 0. 11 Wrote offic ial letter Filled in forms Wrote a report 100. 00 46. 22 46. 54 1. 25 0. 42 0. 13 0. 09 5. 18 0. 17 Prepared bills/ invoices 100. 00 46. 23 46. 72 1. 19 0. 49 0. 12 0. 12 4. 96 0. 17 Prepared charts , maps, etc. 100. 00 46. 37 46. 59 1. 26 0. 27 0. 17 0. 10 5. 03 0. 21 100. 00 100. 00 46. 20 44. 23 2. 60 0. 94 0.20 0. 14 5. 56 0. 14 46. 10 42. 52 4. 89 1. 46 0. 21 0. 13 4. 55 0. 14 Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not Reported There exist urban-rural variations in the use of writing skills, with more urban people using writing skills compared to rural people. 18 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 4. 3 Use of Electronic Media by the Population for Education Purpose Use of electronic media such as radio and television receiver for educational purposes has been presented in Table-11. Among the males, 21. 94% had listened to educational programmes of the radio several times in last three months, 6.76% several times a month, 3. 06% several times a week, and 2. 82% daily. Educational programmes of television was viewed by more people than radio, where 22. 95% viewed it several times in last three months, 14. 24% several times a month, 10. 91% several times a week, and 13. 87% viewed it daily. Thus, although still low, reflection television is more frequent than listening to radio programmes on education. The use of radio and television by females is slightly lower than that of males where 20. 46% listened to radio and 22. 95% viewed television several times in last three months.It is interesting to note that listening to educational programmes of radio or viewing of educational programmes on television was higher in rural than urban areas, with few exceptions. In the case of radio, 22. 44% rural males listened to it several times in last three months compared to 20. 28% for urban areas. For viewing the television several times in last three months, the percentage for rural males was 23. 18% as against 22. 20% for urban areas. In th e case of females, 20. 65% listened to radio and 21. 68% viewed television several times during the last three months for the rural areas compared to 19.83% for radio and 22. 64% for television in the urban areas. Table 11 Percentage distribution of population aged 5 years and over by gender, place of residence, habit of watching educational programmes in the electronic media in the last three months, 2010 Frequency of using different electronic media Male Never listen/observe Several times in last 3 months Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily National Radio 100. 00 50. 79 21. 94 6. 76 3. 06 2. 82 Television Radio Rural Television Urban Radio Television 100. 00 19. 40 22. 20 16. 77 9. 83 21. 51 100. 00 100. 00 27. 69 22.95 14. 24 10. 91 13. 87 51. 74 22. 44 6. 72 3. 01 2. 51 100. 00 100. 00 30. 19 23. 18 13. 48 11. 24 11. 56 47. 64 20. 28 6. 86 3. 20 3. 87 19 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Table 11 Percentage distribution of population aged 5 years and over b y gender, place of residence, habit of watching educational programmes in the electronic media in the last three months, 2010 Frequency of using different electronic media No scope Not Reported Female Never listen/observe Several times in last 3 months Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not Reported National Radio 13.60 1. 04 100. 00 53. 37 20. 46 5. 73 2. 67 2. 45 14. 17 1. 15 Television 9. 43 0. 91 32. 05 21. 90 12. 08 9. 09 13. 01 10. 70 1. 16 Radio 12. 59 1. 00 54. 75 20. 65 5. 62 2. 58 2. 03 13. 23 1. 15 Rural Television 9. 48 0. 88 35. 43 21. 68 11. 18 9. 23 10. 16 11. 13 1. 20 Urban Radio 16. 96 1. 19 48. 89 19. 83 6. 11 2. 98 3. 82 17. 22 1. 15 Television 9. 29 1. 00 100. 00 21. 06 22. 64 15. 03 8. 65 22. 27 9. 31 1. 04 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 100. 00 20 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Section V Visit to Public Places for Attaining Literacy Skills.5. 0 Literacy Skills Development Visit of the respondents to public places such as libraries, b ookstalls, news-stands and village education community centres for reading purposes has been presented in Table-12. Only 3. 04% visited library several times in the last three months. Visits to other places such as book-stalls, news-stands and village education community centres were 10. 58%, 1. 72% and 0. 78% respectively. Visits to such places several times in a month were 0. 99% for library, 2. 73% for book-stalls, 0. 57% for news-stands and 0.18% for village education community centres. Visit to these places several times in a week was 0. 41% for library, 0. 43% for book-stalls, 0. 26% for news-stands and 0. 09% for village education community centres. Daily visits to these centres were 0. 45% for library, 0. 27% for book-stalls, 0. 32 for news-stands and 0. 36% for village education community centres. There exist variations in the use of these places by gender and place of residence, with fewer number of people from rural area visiting these places compared to those in urban ar eas.Also, the number of females visiting such places were lower than their male counterparts. Table 12 Percentage distribution of population aged 5 years and over by gender, place of residence and habit of visiting different places of educational interest in last three months, 2010 Frequency of visit Male National Didnt channel a find oneself Never Several times in last 3 months 100. 00 19. 55 67. 01 3. 04 100. 00 17. 29 61. 85 10. 58 100. 00 17. 42 71. 35 1. 72 100. 00 17. 64 71. 03 0. 78 Library Book stall News stand Comm. centre 21 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010.Table 12 Percentage distribution of population aged 5 years and over by gender, place of residence and habit of visiting different places of educational interest in last three months, 2010 Frequency of visit Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not Reported Rural Didnt get a chance Never Several times in last 3 months Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not Re ported Urban Didnt get a chance Never Several times in last 3 months Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not Reported Female National Didnt get a chance Never Several times in last 3 months 100.00 17. 64 71. 03 0. 78 100. 00 19. 71 67. 85 2. 10 100. 00 18. 03 64. 90 7. 19 100. 00 17. 89 71. 71 0. 92 Library 0. 99 0. 41 0. 45 8. 26 0. 29 100. 00 18. 53 68. 74 2. 74 0. 94 0. 37 0. 45 7. 96 0. 28 100. 00 22. 94 61. 28 4. 02 1. 18 0. 54 0. 47 9. 25 0. 31 Book stall 2. 73 0. 43 0. 27 6. 52 0. 33 100. 00 16. 33 63. 56 10. 34 2. 65 0. 37 0. 28 6. 14 0. 33 100. 00 20. 49 56. 16 11. 37 2. 99 0. 63 0. 25 7. 78 0. 33 News stand 0. 57 0. 26 0. 32 8. 00 0. 35 100. 00 16. 29 73. 30 1. 47 0. 49 0. 21 0. 30 7. 58 0. 36 100. 00 21. 19 64. 89 2. 54 0. 87 0.41 0. 38 9. 41 0. 32 Comm. centre 0. 18 0. 09 0. 36 9. 55 0. 37 100. 00 17. 15 71. 89 0. 90 0. 19 0. 11 0. 40 8. 99 0. 38 100. 00 19. 26 68. 20 0. 38 0. 13 0. 06 0. 21 11. 41 0. 35 22 The Bangladesh Literacy Survey, 2010 Table 12 Percentage distribution of population aged 5 years and over by gender, place of residence and habit of visiting different places of educational interest in last three months, 2010 Frequency of visit Several times in a month Several times in a week Daily No scope Not Reported Rural Didnt get a chance Never Several times in last.