Bio 2

AP Biology Chapter 27 Lecture Notes Prokaryotes and the Origins of Metabolic Diversity I. The instauration of Prokaryotes A. Theyre (almost) everywhere! An overview of prokaryotic life 1. Prokaryotes dominate the biosphere. Their biomass is at least(prenominal) 10 times greater than only eukaryotes. You have more than prokaryotes in your mouth or on your skin than the entireness total number of humans who have ever costd. They be plant wherever there is life and in places likewise thoroughgoing for any eukaryote. They can cause disease, give us vitamins, round of golf carbon and nitrogen. Life on do master(prenominal) as we get along it would stop without them. Eukaryotes cannot exist without them except they can exist without eukaryotes. 2. They a good deal live in symbiosis with each other and with eukaryotes, e.g., mitochondria and chloroplasts. B. bacteria and archaea ar the ii main branches of prokaryotic evolution 1. By comp be ribosomal RNA and th e completely sequenced genomes of several extant species, two main types of prokaryotes have been identified, bacteria and archaea. Archaea live in thoroughgoing environments, e.g., eager springs and salt ponds. Many systematists organize life into lead domains, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, which are levels above kingdom. II. The Structure, Function, and Reproduction of Prokaryotes A.

Most prokaryotes are unicellular, but near come from colonies of identical cells. The three most harsh shapes are spheres (cocci), rods (bacilli), and helices (spirilla and spirochetes). Most are smaller than eukaryotic cel ls. B. approximately all prokaryotes have a! cell wall impertinent to the plasm membrane 1. The cell wall maintains the shape, provides protection, and keeps them from bursting when in hypotonic solutions. They can plasmolyze in hypertonic solutions and die. Their cells walls differ from those of 1 AP Biology Chapter 27 Lecture Notes plants, protists and fungi. Most bacteria cell walls contain peptidoglycan, polymers of sugars, pass over connected by short polypeptides. Archea lack...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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