Community Project

Our interviewee Mr. James (pseudonym) is a 90 year old homophile who lives at home alone as his wife passed after-school(prenominal) 3 years ago. In 1975, his doctor diagnosed him with Chronic hinder Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and he is currently taking ?2-adrenergic feel organ agonist Salbtamol (bronchodilator), anti-cholinergic drug Ipratropium Bromide (bronchodilator), and a combine preparedness of corticosteroid Fluticasone (anti-inflammatory agent) and long-acting ?2-adrenergic receptor agonist Salmeterol (bronchodilator). He is excessively on Diltiazem Hydrochloride (calcium channel blocker) which is a vasodilator and employ to treat angina and hypertension. At the second visit, he had oedema in his right leg. These clinical manifestations may omen that his cardiovascular problems are utility(prenominal) to his pulmonary disease. Mr. James has been suffering from COPD for everyplace 35 years. The last time he smoked was in 1945, which was 30 years before be ing diagnosed with COPD. COPD is a continuing inflammation of air lane primarily instanced by tobacco smoking. intake of noxious particles into respiratory tract increase the outlet of macrophages and lymphocytes which domain to release of more inflammatory mediators like leukotrienes, interleukins and tumor humble factor which damage the lung tissue.

The inflamed airway leads to increase the compute of goblet cells which become enlarged and produce excess sum of mucus, and the damaged ciliated cells reduce the ability of mucus clearance. whole in all these inflammatory process contribute to the airwa y obstruction and cause difficulty in exhala! tion in COPD patients (Brown et al, 2007). Regarding Mr. James background, he described himself as a big-chested child in his childhood, possibly indicating the development of pulmonary problems when he was young, and both his parents were scope smokers. Environmental tobacco is one of the factors that increases the luck of COPD, therefore secondary smoking would have had affected his respiratory function....If you want to view a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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